Foto: Krzysztof Kluger

Common European viper (Vipera Berus)

The common European viper is easily recognized by a zigzag, the so-called Cain ribbon, adorning the back of its body, and the heart-shaped head. With a large variety of colors, it easily camouflages itself in the environment. It likes to bask in the sun. It is observed in meadows, swamps, bogs and forests. It is very beneficial because it eats rodents which are a nuisance to humans. The eye of the viper has a characteristic vertical pupil, which distinguishes it from other snakes and gives it a sinister look. The body is massive, covered with fine scales. The reptile moves ponderously, but attacks immediately. The flexible connection between the upper and lower jaws enables it to swallow the prey which is significantly bigger than its own head. It is poisonous. The upper jaw has two fangs resembling syringes. After biting the prey, it ejaculates a poison that paralyzes its nervous system. Dead prey is then swallowed whole. The attribute of the viper is its forked tongue serving to trap chemicals floating in the air. This means that the viper “tastes smells.” This sense allows it to explore the environment, smell the enemy or prey. To protect ourselves from an attack of a viper, we should never annoy it, but quietly allow it to escape.